|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
|
|
| Maneta, Marco P.; Torres, Marcelo; Howitt, Richard E.; Vosti, Stephen A.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Bassoi, Luis H.. |
| Policymakers, managers of water use associations, and many others in developing countries are considering policy actions that will directly or indirectly change the costs and availability of groundwater and surface water for agricultural users. While in many cases such actions may bring about welcomed increases in water use efficiency, little is known about the likely effects of changes in irrigation costs or water access on farmer behavior, or on farmer incomes in the short or long runs, and virtually nothing is known about the detailed immediate or knock-on effects on water resources that such policy actions might cause. This paper reports the preliminary results of research aiming to fill these large scientific gaps by developing a detailed hydrologic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9705 |
| |
|
|
| Witcover, Julie; Vosti, Stephen A.; Lipton, Michael. |
| Green Revolution technologies were developed and promoted in the 1960s in response to alarm about impending famine in Asia. By boosting food supplies and fostering development, the technologies were expected to create "breathing space" for completing demographic transitions there. This paper uses District-level data from rural India on agricultural transformation (from 1961 to 1981) and on changes in human fertility (from 1971 to 1981) to examine whether they did so. In a reduced form model, female literacy and marriage rates emerged as strong fertility change determinants; effects varied by age cohort. Growth in real wages in rural areas, in part brought about by HYV technologies, accelerated fertility declines. With real wage growth effects of Green... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Development; Q16; J1; Q18; D1; O3. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25443 |
| |
|
|
| Vosti, Stephen A.; Witcover, Julie; Carpentier, Chantal Line. |
| Despite the importance of tropical moist forests for conserving biodiversity and storing carbon, forests continue to fall, because the private benefits of clearing land for agriculture far outweigh tangible economic gains from retaining forests. This report measures the financial disparity between forested and cleared land for small-scale farmers in two settlements in the western Brazilian Amazon where pastures are expanding and forests receding. Considering smallholder land use decisionswhen and how much to deforest and for what purposethe report weighs the trade-offs and complementarities among three development objectives: economic growth through agriculture, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation. Drawing on field data collected in the... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16528 |
| |
|
|
| Alston, Julian M.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| Rates of obesity among adults and children in the U.S. are soaring, with potentially huge private and social costs. Increasing attention is being paid to agricultural policies as both the culprits through their perceived roles in reducing the relative prices of energy-dense foods, and as the potential saviors through their perceived ability to do the opposite. However, the effects of agricultural policies on human nutrition and obesity are not well understood. This paper considers (1) trends in agricultural commodity prices, and the contributions of commodity policies and agricultural R&D policies to those trends, (2) the links between changes in commodity prices and changes in food prices; and (3) the implications of price-induced changes in food... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: H5; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; Q16; I0. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25343 |
| |
|
|
| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16103 |
| |
|
|
| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| As the number and variety of interconnected sources of agricultural innovations have continued to grow and evolve, so too have the demands for meaningful evidence of both the total payoff and the specific impacts of individual research providers. Important policy and practical funding decisions require a clear understanding of the shares of the overall benefits from investments in R&D attributable to domestic versus foreign and public versus private agencies, or even to individual agencies, as well as the total benefits accruing from innovation. This report provides a detailed economic assessment of the magnitude and sources of the economic benefits to Brazil since the early 1980s from varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; Brazil; Economic aspects; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37894 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14422 |
| |
|
|
| Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14017 |
| |
|
|
| Carpentier, Chantal Line; Vosti, Stephen A.; Witcover, Julie. |
| Recently scientists have started to examine how land-uses and land-use technologies can help mitigate carbon emissions. The half million small-scale farmers inhabiting the Amazon frontier sequester large stocks of carbon in their forests and other land uses that they might be persuaded to maintain or even increase through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. On average, small-scale farmers in the Pedro Peixoto settlement project of Acre (Western Brazilian Amazon), had a stock of 10,067 tons of above- and below-ground carbon on their farms in 1994, 88 percent of which was stored in their forest reserves. The income and carbon mitigation effects of three types of carbon payments are analyzed in this paper: (1) above- or total-carbon... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16090 |
| |
|
|
| Torres, Marcelo; Vosti, Stephen A.; Bassoi, Luis H.; Howitt, Richard E.; Maneta, Marco P.; Rodrigues, Lineu N.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Young, Julie A.. |
| Information on the spatial distribution of poverty can be useful in designing geographically targeted rural poverty reduction programs. This paper uses recently released município-level data on rural poverty in Brazil to identify and analyze spatial patterns of rural poverty in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB). Moran's I statistics are generated and used to test for spatial autocorrelation, and to prepare cluster maps that locate rural poverty 'hot spots' and 'cold spots.' Research results demonstrate that rural poverty is spatially correlated in some parts of the SFRB, and where correlated, worse-off (better-off) municípios tend to be located next to worse-off (better-off) municípios. The policy implications of these results are discussed, as are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9733 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Vosti, Stephen A.; Witcover, Julie; Lipton, Michael. |
| foster development, both of which were expected to create "breathing space" for achieving demographic transitions in developing countries through lowered human fertility. Little comprehensive research, however, has been done on the effects of those technologies themselves on human fertility -- leaving unanswered the question of whether particular types of agricultural technologies were actually increasing, or decreasing, this demographic "breathing space." This paper uses District-level data from rural India on agricultural change (from 1961 to 1981) and changes in human fertility (from 1971 to 1981) to assess the impact of the former on the latter, with particular emphasis on high yielding (HYV) Green Revolution technologies. Modifying a conceptual... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42823 |
| |
|
|
| Chang, Tangel; Barrett, James M.; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| During the past three decades, levels of excess weight and obesity have risen significantly in the United States. The reasons are physical, economical and sociological. The second half of the twentieth century is characterized by changes in the diets and levels of activity in the American society. Recent studies that focus on simple explanations that are based on a few determinants or classes of determinants are inadequate in explaining the recent rise in obesity. Cross-sectional and time series data are analyzed with a variety of statistical techniques. This paper empirically examines the factors correlated with the drastic increase in excess weight in the United States. Demographic characteristics (e.g., race and gender) and income level are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: I0; D1; J2; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25279 |
| |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
|
|
|
